Sustainability in the textile supply chain

Textiles ( ‘Kapda' in the ‘Roti, Kapda aurOne of the more established and used standard is the
Makaan' trio) forms one of our basic human needsCarbon Label by Carbon Trust. The UK has been
across all cultures around the globe. Among these, onlyamongst the most progressive markets in defining a
textiles are both non-perishable and easily transported.formal carbon footprint that can be used by
Thus, textiles have been part of a global market sinceconsumers. The Carbon Label Company set up by the
the days of the Silk Road. Rapid shifts are happeningCarbon Trust in 2007 provides information for both
in the way textiles are produced and supplied. Oneconsumers as well as businesses on how to use the
thing that does not seem have changed is that muchCarbon Label.
of the production is based in Asia. Wherever one mayThe Carbon Footprint is developed on basis of the
go shopping for clothes, one would inevitably findPAS 2050 guideline. Tesco, Continental Clothing, Levi
goods made in China, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam,Strauss & Co. are amongst those that have been
Cambodia, etc.testing some products with the Carbon Label.
The textile supply chain has evolved to meet changingSnapshots of sustainability activities of firms
price and quality demands from the global marketplace.The following table summarizes some of the leading
The sophistication of buyers in tracking their suppliersbrands, their activities and scope
has also gone up. In the last decade, buyers added aBrand
new dimension to their requirements, and beganStandard
making demands regarding health, safety and labourTarget
conditions. Global manufacturing centres haveParameters
increasingly had to respond not only to localAdidas
requirements but also to global ones. The newISO14001
dimension being rolled out in the supply chains of manyInternal tool
sectors across the globe including textiles is the- Embedding environmental sustainability across the
Environmental Sustainability. Environmental Sustainabilitybusiness
takes into account the use of water, energy, and- Effectively managing business risks and social
natural resources, and seeks to minimize negativecompliance in the supply chain
impacts to the environment in the production of- Extending engagement internally and externally
textile-based goods, as well as in their use byCarbon
consumers. The long term goal of such initiatives wouldEnergy
be complete sustainability.Waste
Progressive brands and retailers have been exploringSustainable materials
sustainability initiatives since the middle half of the last 
decade: testing initiatives first internally and nowCarrefour
considering roll-out through their global supply chains.GRI
Sustainability is about doing ‘more with less', whichGHG Protocol
means finding savings and creating business value inOeko-Tex Certification
addition to having a positive impact on the environment.Reducing energy consumption per m2 by 20% by
The following aspects therefore become relevant:2020 against 2004 as baseline
energy efficiency, carbon / greenhouse gas emissions,Carbon
water and chemical footprint as well as logistics.Energy
For suppliers in textile industry, it is essential toLogistics
understandGAP
1. What are some of the progressive brands andGRI
retailers doing and planning for their supply chain?GHG Protocol
2. How does one begin to measure sustainability and- Environmental footprint assessment and setting
compete in this changing market?quantifiable environmental goals
A number of initiatives have already been started to- New supply chain waste management
engage in to improve raw materials in the supply chain,Carbon
such as the Better Cotton Initiative and the OrganicEnergy
Exchange. Some initiatives are related to buyersWaste
coming together to form a unified voice, including theSustainable materials
Outdoor Industry Association, and working groupsIKEA
assembled by the Business for Social ResponsibilityOwn tool
(BSR).Reducing CO2 emissions and increasing share of
The current work being done to increase therenewable energy
sustainability of the global textile supply chain is still in itsCarbon
early stages or being applied regionally, in the nextEnergy
24-36 months these initiatives will become mainstreamWaste
globally.Sustainable materials
Textile production is resource intensiveWalmart
Textile Production is a vital global industry employingSustainability Index
hundreds of millions of people, and it is also veryGOTS Certification
resource intensive: consuming copious amounts ofReducing 20 million tonnes CO2 eq from supply chain
energy, water and other raw materials. According toby 2015
research done by the World Wildlife FederationCarbon
(WWF), an average of 8,500 litres of water is neededEnergy
to grow one kilogram of cotton, equivalent to one pairWaste
of jeans. Due to the hundreds of harmful chemicalsSustainable materials
routinely used in washing and dying fabric, the textileLogistics
industry is also the #1 industrial polluter of fresh waterLevi Strauss
on the planet.GHG Protocol
In developing countries where large global productionGlobal Effluent guidelines for wastewater
centres are based, the textile sector forms a largeIn the process of collecting data on its scope 1 and
part of their carbon inventory. As a case in point, inscope 2 emissions. Targets will be set thereafter
India the textile sector consumes 10% of the country'sCarbon
energy and has increasing carbon intensity comparedEnergy
to other sectors.Waste
 Sustainable materials
Sustainability in supply chain is integral for the sectorLogistics
Because of impacts such as these, over the last few 
years some progressive brands and retailers in North
America and Europe have embarked on integrating 
sustainability into their supply chain. While there is thePeeping into the future
societal imperative, the greater opportunity lies inGoing forward, as sustainability becomes mainstream
sustainability through more efficient resource utilizationfocus across the entire supply chain, the following
which in turn has a positive financial impact for everyevents are widely believe to happen
part of the supply chain. Virtually all the production and- By the end of 2011 all major textile brands and
manufacturing of textiles occurs in developing countriesretailers will have announced initiatives that plan for
and hence activities being planned in the developedworking with a more sustainable supply chain. Some of
world are having a ripple effect in bringing aboutthe firms are already implementing measures within
resource conservation elsewhere.their own facilities and soon they will look to their
 supply chain which is where the majority of the
Why think of sustainabilityenvironmental footprint exists. The sustainability efforts
From the standpoint of many North American andwill move beyond the early adopters and into the
European firms that have a large textile product range,mainstream between 2012 and 2015.
almost all the environmental impact from manufacturing- Textile brands will make supplier choices based on
occurs offshore. Some of these companies are at thewhich suppliers are able to report and demonstrate
forefront of working towards sustainability for asustainability measures.
number of- Brands and retailers may struggle initially in mapping
1. Sustainability generates business value by unlockingout their supply chain but issues will be overcome soon.
opportunities to save on critical resources.Some of the low-hanging opportunities from a retailer
2. Firms with sustainability practices get rewarded bystandpoint will be logistics and sourcing. We will see
capital market shareholders and stakeholders.increasing activities on this front.
3. Understanding supply chain risks is important in the- From a supply perspective, vertically integrated firms
face of impending climate legislations. Developingare likely to be early adopters of sustainability reporting
countries too are looking at legislations on water usagebecause they have easy visibility throughout their
and carbon. All these give rise to supply chain riskssupply chain. They will also likely use this as a market
depending on sourcing regions. To proactively manageadvantage.
these impacts and risks, it is essential to build idea of- There may be issues raised around non-tariff barriers
supply chains.by some textile exporting nations at the WTO. Market
4. Attracting new consumers with new products andmechanics will have to be developed to address these
carbon/sustainability labelling is an opportunity that willconcerns. Just like no one questions the need for
increase in value with consumers getting morequality products any longer, no one will question the
knowledgeable and savvy.need for sustainable products.
What does this mean for textile manufacturers?- The buzz around organic cotton will continue to
As the market for sustainable textiles grows, manyincrease. But as soon as it is public knowledge that
more firms will begin demanding sustainability from theirorganic cotton is going to remain a very small
manufacturers the same way they demand fair prices,percentage of the overall raw material for the textile
fast delivery and high quality. Currently, this meanssector, we expect to see the emphasis shift toward
having a sustainable supply chain is a competitiveother sustainable materials. There also will be a greater
advantage for textile manufacturers.emphasis on reducing toxics and chemicals.
While most suppliers selling to the brands and retailers 
are engaged only in cut & sew, it is only a matter 
of time before the entire supply chain is held 
accountable. Many brands will soon start shifting focusAbout Us
beyond that and downstream to manufacturing.EcoLogic Consultancy came into existence with the
Already firms like Levi Strauss & Co. andpurpose of "To help our clients in understanding,
Walmart have started collecting data from the rest ofestablishing sound Environment Management Systems,
the supply chain.and pursuing sustainable business solutions through our
In order to build best-practices and quantify savings,various services to abate direct and indirect impact on
different approaches are being taken. For instance,ecological balance."
Marks & Spencer is creating entire ‘ecoWe have demonstrated expertise in the areas of
factories' where it is able to demonstrate energycarbon accounting and management, energy
savings to the tune of 40% over comparable factories.management systems, voluntary/compliance carbon
Nike on the other hand is working with a set ofmarkets, environment management and sustainability
strategic partner factories that are part of its MLSand carbon branding.
(Manufacturing Leadership), to establish benchmarks.To know more about EcoLogic, please visit
The signaling for manufacturers is quite clear: becomeTo schedule a meeting and discussion with us, do
aware and get started on this new path!reach us on
Measuring and communicatingKedar - +91-9665407848 –
Due to regional and fragmented nature of consumerkedar@ecologicconsultancy.in
demand – there are a number of standards andIndrajeet - +91-9028788430 –
methodologies coming up in the marketplace. Most ofindrajeet@ecologicconsultancy.in
the standards are still in the adoption phase, theShailesh - +91-9890887670 –
underlying data requirements for most of them areshailesh@ecologicconsultancy.
quite similar.